Small RPKI servers enhance routing security with decentralized trust

Background on BGP and RPKI

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is essential for routing internet traffic but was designed without security. This vulnerability allows incorrect IP prefix announcements, leading to potential traffic diversion. Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) improves BGP security by enabling IP address holders to authorize which networks can announce their prefixes.

Role of RPKI and ROAs

RPKI utilizes Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs), records that indicate which Autonomous System (AS) can announce a specific IP prefix. Routers using Route Origin Validation (ROV) check these records to ensure valid routing, thus enhancing trust in the routing process.

Importance of Independent RPKI Servers

While major Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) publish most ROAs, many smaller, independent servers contribute to the global RPKI ecosystem. These are operated by various entities, including cloud providers, educational institutions, ISPs, and RPKIaaS companies. Their involvement increases the diversity and resilience of RPKI data.

Why the Focus on Small Servers Matters

Operating smaller RPKI servers allows more organizations to engage in securing internet routing. This decentralized approach can enhance overall internet stability, as it reduces reliance on a few large authorities. By understanding the operators of these small servers, stakeholders can better gauge the health of the RPKI system.