Modder Creates Windows-like Desktop Environment on NES Using FPGA Cartridge

NES Transformed into a Desktop

YouTube channel Throaty Mumbo created a Windows-like desktop environment on the original Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). This project, named NESPC, leverages an FPGA-powered cartridge to overcome the NES's hardware limitations and run x86-compatible software.

The modder made the NESPC project available on GitHub, including firmware for an RP2350, which facilitates a USB interface for keyboard, mouse, and MIDI functionality.

Overcoming Hardware Limitations with FPGA

The NES's 6502 8-bit microprocessor is too slow for x86 emulation. To address this, the project uses the EverDrive N8 Pro, an FPGA-based NES cartridge with a more powerful ARM-based Cyclone IV FPGA. This cartridge acts as an external processing unit, offloading tasks from the NES's main CPU.

The modder utilized Next186, an open-source FPGA soft processor core, to enable the FPGA to execute Intel 80186-compatible instructions, effectively functioning as an x86 CPU.

Functional Desktop Environment

Initially, Throaty Mumbo demonstrated a command-line interface, showcasing navigation and command-line programs. The project evolved into a full desktop environment resembling a stripped-down Windows 98 interface.

This custom UI serves as a menu replacement for the EverDrive N8 Pro, featuring a playable Minesweeper game and program icons to launch game ROMs and access files stored on the cartridge.

Peripheral Integration Challenges

Recognizing the limitations of using an NES controller for desktop interaction, the modder attempted to adapt a Family BASIC keyboard for the Famicom. This involved using the NES expansion slot and a breakout board to connect jumper wires to specific pins, though the initial results were not fully successful.