NASA is re-evaluating its international cooperation model, now emphasizing 'good deals' from foreign partners. This change is driven by the agency's focus on building a Moon Base and competing for lunar resources with China, without a significant budget increase. This new direction challenges previous notions of international collaboration in space.
Several major projects involving international partners have been canceled. The Lunar Gateway, a planned space station in lunar orbit, was deemed an unnecessary expense for the US. The Mars Sample Return mission was also canceled due to its budget exceeding $10 billion, which would have impacted other robotic science missions. Both projects had extensive international involvement, with NASA as the lead.
NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman stated that future international partners must provide 'meaningful contributions' with increased urgency. This means partners need to offer capabilities not already provided by NASA or US companies, and deliver them when needed. This policy reflects changing national priorities and the emerging space race with China.
This new approach has created tension, particularly with the European Space Agency (ESA). ESA is finding it difficult to secure a role in NASA's Moon Base program following the cancellation of Gateway. NASA dismissed an ESA proposal for a European cargo lander for the Moon Base, as NASA expects US-built landers to fulfill this role sooner.
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NASA is changing its approach to international space partnerships, requiring foreign agencies to make significant and timely contributions that do not duplicate US efforts, as it focuses on establishing a Moon Base. This shift has led to friction, particularly with the European Space Agency, which is struggling to define its role after the cancellation of joint projects like the Lunar Gateway and Mars Sample Return.