During the recent US midterm elections, a significant number of ballot measures concerning data center development were put before voters. Reports indicate that between 40 and 46 such measures were on ballots across 10 to 13 states. The outcome showed a strong public sentiment against data center expansion, with 33 to 38 measures passing to restrict their development.
These measures varied in scope, ranging from outright bans on data centers in some cities to temporary moratoriums, limits on energy consumption, and requirements for public approval before projects could proceed. Only one measure, in Harwood, North Dakota, which proposed an additional review process for industrial projects including data centers, failed to pass.
The public's stance on data centers also had an impact on political races. In Piqua, Ohio, and Yukon, Oklahoma, mayors and council members who had previously supported data center bans were recalled. In Texas, Governor Gregg Abbott, who had promoted the state as a hub for AI development and received significant donations from data center-related entities, lost his bid for a fourth term.
Democratic challenger Gina Hinojosa won the Texas governorship, with plans to delay data center projects for new legislation, potentially affecting approximately 13 gigawatts of data center capacity. Ohio, a state with 257 data centers and plans for a large AI data center campus, saw particularly strong opposition, with 21 measures on the ballot and a US Senate race where data centers were a key issue.
This widespread voter rejection poses a challenge for the tech industry's expansion plans, particularly for AI data centers. While measures are not expected to impact data centers already under construction or approved through 2027, they are likely to affect future projects planned for 2028 and beyond.
The results signal increased public resistance to the development of these facilities, which could lead to a slowdown in the rapid American AI buildout. Companies like OpenAI, which announced securing 8 gigawatts of computing capacity in Ohio, may face complications due to the shifting political and public landscape.
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