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Sumerian King List's Antediluvian Reigns Do Not Statistically Align with Paleoclimate Events

🔄 Updated 1h ago
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Key points

  • Sumerian King List's antediluvian section lists eight kings with extremely long reigns.
  • A hypothesis suggests these reigns might correspond to prehistoric climate shifts.
  • Statistical analysis found no significant alignment with paleoclimate events.
  • The p-values did not support the hypothesis after adjusting for multiple comparisons.

Context of the Sumerian King List

The Sumerian King List begins with eight kings whose reigns predate a great flood, characterized by exceptionally long and regular durations. Examples include reigns of 28,800, 36,000, and 43,200 years, with most being multiples of 3,600 and all being multiples of 600. The total duration for these eight kings is 241,200 years.

Testing a Speculative Hypothesis

One speculative interpretation posits that these numerical reign lengths represent a distorted memory of prehistory, with reign boundaries encoding actual climate shifts, eruptions, impacts, or sea-level changes. Under this hypothesis, after rescaling and anchoring the list to a proposed flood date, these boundaries should coincide with dated geological events.

Methodology of the Analysis

An exploratory analysis was conducted to test this idea. The methodology involved rescaling each chronology to a fixed 241.2 ka span and anchoring one boundary, specifically at 11.6 ka BP (approximately 11,600 years ago), near the Younger Dryas termination. The resulting dates were then compared against a catalog of Quaternary events to identify potential alignments.

Results of the Statistical Test

The primary paleoclimate catalog analysis showed no statistically significant alignment. With a fixed 11.6 ka anchor and a kernel bandwidth of σ = 1.60 ka, the permutation p-value was 0.350, and the adjusted q-value for multiple comparisons was 0.622. Expanding the analysis to 103 catalog entries also did not change the conclusion, yielding a p-value of 0.148 and an adjusted q-value of 0.430.

Even the smallest raw p-value found in an exploratory catastrophic catalog (p = 0.021 at σ = 1.60 ka) did not support the hypothesis after adjustment for all comparisons, with a q-value of 0.222. These results indicate that the observed Sumerian reign order does not score unusually high under a clearly defined null model, failing to support the hypothesis of alignment with paleoclimate events.

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Reporting from

An exploratory analysis found no statistically significant alignment between the unusually long reign lengths of the antediluvian kings in the Sumerian King List and dated Quaternary paleoclimate events. This finding challenges a speculative hypothesis that the King List's reign boundaries encode real climate shifts or geological events.